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Cellosaurus Sf9 (CVCL_0549)

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Cell line name Sf9
Synonyms SF9; sf9; SF-9; Sf-9; sf-9; Sf 9; Spodoptera frugiperda clone 9; Sf clone 9; IPLB-Sf-9AE; IPLB-SF-9AE; IPLB-SF-9; IPLB-Sf-9; IPLB-Sf9
Accession CVCL_0549
Resource Identification Initiative To cite this cell line use: Sf9 (RRID:CVCL_0549)
Comments Group: Insect cell line.
Group: Recombinant protein production insect cell line.
Group: Space-flown cell line (cellonaut).
Group: Vaccine production cell line.
Biotechnology: Used for the production of the Novavax SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccine (Trade name: NVX-CoV2373) (DrugBank=DB15810). The cell line is used to produce the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein rSARS-CoV-2 which is the active part of the vaccine formulation.
Doubling time: 25.2 +- 2.8 hours (Note=At 28 Celsius) (PubMed=10718368); 27 hours (PubMed=21667340); ~50 hours (DSMZ=ACC-125).
Karyotypic information: Heterogeneous, contains a mixture of diploid and tetraploid cells.
Omics: Genomics; Whole genome sequencing.
Omics: Transcriptomics; ESTs sequencing.
Omics: Transcriptomics; Microarray.
Anecdotal: Have been flown in space on shuttle flights STS-50 (USML-1), STS-54 and STS-57 (Spacehab-1) to study growth in microgravity (PubMed=8050503).
Caution: The SfRV rhabdovirus found in Sf9 cells of ATCC CRL-1711 lot 5807852 (PubMed=24672045) does not seem to be expressed in CRL-1711 lot 5814 from 1987 (PubMed=28423032). The SfRV genome is integrated in the Sf9 genome.
Derived from site: In situ; Ovary; UBERON=UBERON_0000992.
Species of origin Spodoptera frugiperda (Fall armyworm) (NCBI Taxonomy: 7108)
Hierarchy Parent: CVCL_0518 (Sf21)
Children:
CVCL_A8SX (PmLyO-Sf9)CVCL_1D71 (Sf-9ET)CVCL_JF76 (Sf-RVN)
CVCL_A8DC (Sf9 SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1)CVCL_A8DD (Sf9 SARS-CoV-2 Spike S2)CVCL_JX36 (Sf9 TiterHigh AC free)
CVCL_B6BV (Sf9-GFP)CVCL_A2IM (Sf9-HT)CVCL_UF23 (sf9-ht33)
CVCL_UF24 (sf9-ht35)CVCL_D4ZH (Sf9-JD31)CVCL_Z457 (Sf9-P35AcV5-1)
CVCL_Z458 (Sf9-P35AcV5-3)CVCL_C3IH (Sf9/TPS4)CVCL_4U10 (Sf900+)
CVCL_Z459 (Sf9S)CVCL_Z364 (Sfbeta4GalT)CVCL_C3MD (SfSWT-4)
CVCL_C3ME (SfSWT-5)CVCL_Z454 (VE-CL-01)CVCL_Z455 (VE-CL-02)
CVCL_Z456 (VE-CL-03)
Sex of cell Female
Age at sampling Pupal stage
Category Spontaneously immortalized cell line
Web pages Info; ATCC; -; https://www.atcc.org/en/support/technical-support/faqs/morphology-of-atcc-crl-1711
Info; The Scientist; -; https://www.the-scientist.com/virus-found-in-sf9-cell-line-37454
Info; Thermo Fisher; -; https://www.thermofisher.com/ch/en/home/technical-resources/cell-lines/s/cell-lines-detail-311.html
Info; USDA-ARS; -; https://www.ars.usda.gov/sp2userfiles/person/3489/sf9.pdf
Info; Wikipedia; -; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sf9_(cells)
Provider; OET; -; https://oetltd.com/product/sf9-cells/
Provider; Thermo Fisher; B82501; https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/B82501
Publications

PubMed=1367489; DOI=10.1021/bp00007a002
Walter Frederic Hink, Darrell R. Thomsen, Don J. Davidson, Annette L. Meyer, Francis J. Castellino;
Expression of three recombinant proteins using baculovirus vectors in 23 insect cell lines.
Biotechnol. Prog. 7:9-14(1991)

PubMed=1369220; DOI=10.1021/bp00017a003
Thomas J. Wickham, Thomas R. Davis, Robert R. Granados, Michael Louis Shuler, H. Alan Wood;
Screening of insect cell lines for the production of recombinant proteins and infectious virus in the baculovirus expression system.
Biotechnol. Prog. 8:391-396(1992)

PubMed=8314732; DOI=10.1007/BF02633986
Thomas R. Davis, Thomas J. Wickham, Kevin A. McKenna, Robert R. Granados, Michael Louis Shuler, H. Alan Wood;
Comparative recombinant protein production of eight insect cell lines.
In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim. 29:388-390(1993)

PubMed=8050503; DOI=10.1006/excr.1994.1223
Philip J. Moos, Heideh K. Fattaey, Terry C. Johnson;
Cell proliferation inhibition in reduced gravity.
Exp. Cell Res. 213:458-462(1994)

PubMed=7615077; DOI=10.1016/0014-5793(95)00640-u
Gilles B. Tremblay, Sardar S. Sohi, Arthur Retnakaran, Robert E. MacKenzie;
NAD-dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase is targeted to the cytoplasm in insect cell lines.
FEBS Lett. 368:177-182(1995)

PubMed=8799737; DOI=10.1111/j.1365-2583.1996.tb00053.x
Arthur H. McIntosh, James J. Grasela, Robert L. Matteri;
Identification of insect cell lines by DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF).
Insect Mol. Biol. 5:187-195(1996)

PubMed=10718368; DOI=10.1290/1071-2690(2000)036<0117:AOAICL>2.0.CO;2
Muriel Gerbal, Philippe Fournier, Patrick Barry, Marcel Mariller, Francoise Odier, Gerard Devauchelle, Martine Duonor-Cerutti;
Adaptation of an insect cell line of Spodoptera frugiperda to grow at 37 degrees C: characterization of an endodiploid clone.
In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim. 36:117-124(2000)

PubMed=10777062; DOI=10.1290/1071-2690(2000)036<0205:EOTGFP>2.0.CO;2
James J. Grasela, Arthur H. McIntosh, Cynthia Lenz Goodman, Louise E. Wilson, Leslie A. King;
Expression of the green fluorescent protein carried by Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus in insect cell lines.
In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim. 36:205-210(2000)

DOI=10.11416/jibs2001.71.25
Satoko Iwahori, Motoko Ikeda, Michihiro Kobayashi;
Comparative characterization of pcna genes from Hyphantria cunea nucleopolyhedrovirus, and two cell lines from the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, and the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea.
J. Insect Biotechnol. Sericol. 71:25-34(2002)

PubMed=12052082; DOI=10.1021/bp020028
Rachel F. Jarman-Smith, Susan J. Armstrong, Caroline J. Mannix, Mohammed Al-Rubeai;
Chromosome instability in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf-9 cell line.
Biotechnol. Prog. 18:623-628(2002)

PubMed=14668217; DOI=10.1093/bioinformatics/btg324
Igor Landais, Mylene Ogliastro, Kazuei Mita, Junko Nohata, Miguel Lopez-Ferber, Martine Duonor-Cerutti, Toru Shimada, Philippe Fournier, Gerard Devauchelle;
Annotation pattern of ESTs from Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells and analysis of the ribosomal protein genes reveal insect-specific features and unexpectedly low codon usage bias.
Bioinformatics 19:2343-2350(2003)

PubMed=19003226; DOI=10.1023/B:CYTO.0000043394.40309.48; PMCID=PMC3449503
Rachel F. Jarman-Smith, Caroline J. Mannix, Mohammed Al-Rubeai;
Characterisation of tetraploid and diploid clones of Spodoptera frugiperda cell line.
Cytotechnology 44:15-25(2004)

PubMed=15926859; DOI=10.1290/0412081.1
Yan-Ping Chen, Dawn E. Gundersen-Rindal, Dwight E. Lynn;
Baculovirus-based expression of an insect viral protein in 12 different insect cell lines.
In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Anim. 41:43-49(2005)

DOI=10.3923/jas.2007.4040.4043
Sadeq Khalid Nessr Alhag, Han-Chao Yao, Jian-Xin Peng;
Identification of insect cell lines from 8 lepidopteran species by DNA amplification fingerprinting.
J. Appl. Sci. 7:4040-4044(2007)

DOI=10.1111/j.1439-0418.2010.01574.x
Chih-Yu Wu, Hsieh-Fang Lin, Chung-Hsiung Wang, Chu-Fang Lo;
Identification of insect cell lines and cell-line cross-contaminations by nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences.
J. Appl. Entomol. 135:601-610(2010)

PubMed=19941903; DOI=10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.11.022
Axel Karger, Barbara Bettin, Matthias Lenk, Thomas Christoph Mettenleiter;
Rapid characterisation of cell cultures by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometric typing.
J. Virol. Methods 164:116-121(2010)

PubMed=20300881; DOI=10.1007/s12033-010-9268-3; PMCID=PMC4388404
Florian Krammer, Theresa Schinko, Dieter Palmberger, Christopher Tauer, Paul Messner, Reingard Grabherr;
Trichoplusia ni cells (High Five) are highly efficient for the production of influenza A virus-like particles: a comparison of two insect cell lines as production platforms for influenza vaccines.
Mol. Biotechnol. 45:226-234(2010)

PubMed=21667340; DOI=10.1007/s12250-011-3177-x; PMCID=PMC8222434
Yan-Lei Wu, Lei Jiang, Yoshifumi Hashimoto, Robert R. Granados, Guo-Xun Li;
Establishment, growth kinetics, and susceptibility to AcMNPV of heat tolerant lepidopteran cell lines.
Virol. Sin. 26:198-205(2011)

PubMed=23891577; DOI=10.1016/j.tiv.2013.07.007
Theresa M. Curtis, A.M. Collins, Brennan D. Gerlach, Linda M. Brennan, Mark W. Widder, William H. van der Schalie, Nguyen T.K. Vo, Niels C. Bols;
Suitability of invertebrate and vertebrate cells in a portable impedance-based toxicity sensor: temperature mediated impacts on long-term survival.
Toxicol. In Vitro 27:2061-2066(2013)

PubMed=24375231; DOI=10.1007/s10529-013-1429-6; PMCID=PMC3955137
Monika Wilde, Miriam Klausberger, Dieter Palmberger, Wolfgang Ernst, Reingard Grabherr;
Tnao38, high five and Sf9 -- evaluation of host-virus interactions in three different insect cell lines: baculovirus production and recombinant protein expression.
Biotechnol. Lett. 36:743-749(2014)

PubMed=24672045; DOI=10.1128/JVI.00780-14; PMCID=PMC4054387
Hai-Lun Ma, Teresa A. Galvin, Dustin R. Glasner, Syed Shaheduzzaman, Arifa S. Khan;
Identification of a novel rhabdovirus in Spodoptera frugiperda cell lines.
J. Virol. 88:6576-6585(2014)

PubMed=28423032; DOI=10.1371/journal.pone.0175633; PMCID=PMC5397025
Yoshifumi Hashimoto, Daniel Macri, Indresh Srivastava, Clifton McPherson, Rachael Felberbaum, Penny Post, Manon M.J. Cox;
Complete study demonstrating the absence of rhabdovirus in a distinct Sf9 cell line.
PLoS ONE 12:e0175633.1-e0175633.17(2017)

PubMed=28839023; DOI=10.1128/genomeA.00829-17; PMCID=PMC5571409
Subhiksha Nandakumar, Hai-Lun Ma, Arifa S. Khan;
Whole-genome sequence of the Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 insect cell line.
Genome Announc. 5:e00829.17.1-e00829.17.2(2017)

PubMed=29038528; DOI=10.1038/s41598-017-12713-9; PMCID=PMC5643380
Ben-Shui Shu, Jing-Jing Zhang, Veeran Sethuraman, Gao-Feng Cui, Xin Yi, Guo-Hua Zhong;
Transcriptome analysis of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells reveals putative apoptosis-related genes and a preliminary apoptosis mechanism induced by azadirachtin.
Sci. Rep. 7:13231-13231(2017)

PubMed=29133148; DOI=10.1016/j.pep.2017.11.002; PMCID=PMC5826799
Christoph Geisler, Donald L. Jarvis;
Adventitious viruses in insect cell lines used for recombinant protein expression.
Protein Expr. Purif. 144:25-32(2018)

Cross-references
Cell line collections (Providers) ATCC; CRL-1711
BCRC; 60011
CCLV; CCLV-RIE 0352
CCTCC; GDC0008
CLS; 604328
DSMZ; ACC-125
ECACC; 89070101
IBRC; C10127
IZSLER; BS CL 157
KCB; KCB 200807YJ
KCB; KCB 92018YJ
NCBI_Iran; C425
NISES; SK0002
RCB; RCB0563 - Discontinued
Cell line databases/resources CLO; CLO_0008988
CLO; CLO_0008989
CLO; CLO_0008990
MCCL; MCC:0000450
CLDB; cl4277
CLDB; cl4278
CLDB; cl4279
CCRID; 1101INS-PUMC000117
CCRID; 1102INS-NIFDC00107
CCRID; 4201INS-CCTCC00008
DSMZCellDive; ACC-125
ICLDB; sf9
Lonza; 1014
TOKU-E; 3107
Anatomy/cell type resources BTO; BTO_0001240
Chemistry resources ChEMBL-Cells; CHEMBL3308860
PubChem_Cell_line; CVCL_0549
Encyclopedic resources Wikidata; Q7459700
Experimental variables resources EFO; EFO_0022745
Medical resources MeSH; D061987
Entry history
Entry creation04-Apr-2012
Last entry update10-Apr-2025
Version number40