ID   LLC-MK2
AC   CVCL_3009
SY   Llc-Mk2; LLC-MK-2; LLC-MK2 Original; LLCMK2; LLcMK2; Lilly Laboratories Culture-Monkey Kidney 2; MK2
DR   CLO; CLO_0007330
DR   CLDB; cl3214
DR   CLDB; cl3215
DR   CLDB; cl3218
DR   CLDB; cl3219
DR   CLDB; cl3220
DR   AddexBio; P0014004/4952
DR   ATCC; CCL-7
DR   ATCC; CCL-7.1
DR   BCRC; 60092
DR   BCRC; 60365
DR   BCRJ; 0146
DR   CCRID; 1102MON-NIFDC00078
DR   CCRID; 3101MONGNO6
DR   CCRID; 4201MON-CCTCC00156
DR   CCTCC; GDC0156
DR   ChEMBL-Cells; CHEMBL3307684
DR   ChEMBL-Targets; CHEMBL614691
DR   CLS; 305149
DR   ECACC; 85062804
DR   IZSLER; BS CL 57
DR   Lonza; 128
DR   PubChem_Cell_line; CVCL_3009
DR   Wikidata; Q54902701
RX   DOI=10.1002/jbmte.390020304;
RX   DOI=10.1007/BF02618370;
RX   Patent=US3904480;
RX   PubMed=4203458;
RX   PubMed=6298990;
RX   PubMed=13821019;
RX   PubMed=14185313;
RX   PubMed=14449901;
RX   PubMed=14449902;
RX   PubMed=14473108;
RX   PubMed=16494729;
RX   PubMed=18605421;
RX   PubMed=28046048;
RX   PubMed=33389257;
WW   Info; Evident; -; https://evidentscientific.com/en/microscope-resource/image-gallery/confocal/epithelialindex
WW   Provider; Vircell; -; https://www.vircell.com/en/products/llc-mk2-cell-line
CC   Group: Non-human primate cell line.
CC   Group: Patented cell line.
CC   Registration: International Depositary Authority, American Type Culture Collection (ATCC); CL-7.
CC   Registration: International Depositary Authority, American Type Culture Collection (ATCC); CL-7.1.
CC   Virology: Susceptible to infection by SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (PubMed=16494729).
CC   Virology: Susceptible to infection by SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID-19) (PubMed=33389257).
CC   Donor information: Derived from the trypsinization of a pool of kidneys from 6 adult rhesus monkeys.
CC   Derived from site: In situ; Kidney; UBERON=UBERON_0002113.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9544; ! Macaca mulatta (Rhesus macaque)
SX   Sex unspecified
AG   Adult
CA   Spontaneously immortalized cell line
DT   Created: 04-04-12; Last updated: 10-04-25; Version: 36
CH   CVCL_U988 ! NCTC 3196
CH   CVCL_3069 ! NCTC 3526
CH   CVCL_E0XB ! Ubigene LLC-MK2 APOE KO
//
RX   PubMed=14185313; DOI=10.1126/science.146.3641.241;
RG   Cell Culture Collection Committee;
RT   "Animal cell strains. The Cell Culture Collection Committee has
RT   assembled and certified 23 strains of animal cells.";
RL   Science 146:241-243(1964).
//
RX   Patent=US3904480;
RA   Hull, Robert N.
RA   Huseby, Rolf M.
RT   "Enhanced production of plasminogen activator.";
RL   Patent number US3904480, 09-Sep-1975.
//
RX   PubMed=14449901; DOI=10.1084/jem.115.5.903; PMCID=PMC2137539;
RA   Hull, Robert N.
RA   Cherry, William R.
RA   Tritch, O. Jeannette
RT   "Growth characteristics of monkey kidney cell strains LLC-MK1, LLC-MK2,
RT   and LLC-MK2(NCTC-3196) and their utility in virus research.";
RL   J. Exp. Med. 115:903-918(1962).
//
RX   DOI=10.1007/BF02618370;
RA   Stulberg, Cyril S.
RA   Coriell, Lewis Lemon
RA   Kniazeff, Alexis John
RA   Shannon, John E.
RT   "The animal cell culture collection.";
RL   In Vitro 5:1-16(1970).
//
RX   PubMed=6298990; DOI=10.1016/0378-1135(82)90056-6;
RA   McPhee, Dale A.
RA   Parsonson, Ian Malcolm
RA   Della-Porta, Anthony James
RT   "Comparative studies on the growth of Australian bluetongue virus
RT   serotypes in continuous cell lines and embryonated chicken eggs.";
RL   Vet. Microbiol. 7:401-410(1982).
//
RX   PubMed=13821019; DOI=10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a120078;
RA   Evans, Virginia John
RA   Kerr, Harold A.
RA   McQuilkin, William T.
RA   Earle, Wilton Robinson
RA   Hull, Robert N.
RT   "Growth in vitro of a long-term strain of monkey-kidney cells in
RT   medium NCTC 109 free of any added protein.";
RL   Am. J. Hyg. 70:297-302(1959).
//
RX   PubMed=18605421; DOI=10.1093/jnci/45.5.951;
RA   Ikeuchi, Tatsuro
RA   Sandberg, Avery Aba
RT   "Chromosome pulverization in virus-induced heterokaryons of mammalian
RT   cells from different species.";
RL   J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 45:951-963(1970).
//
RX   PubMed=14473108; DOI=10.4049/jimmunol.88.6.796;
RA   Meyer, Harry Martin Jr.
RA   Hopps, Hope Elizabeth
RA   Rogers, Nancy G.
RA   Brooks, Barbara E.
RA   Bernheim, Barbara C.
RA   Jones, William P.
RA   Nisalak, Ananda
RA   Douglas, Robert D.
RT   "Studies on simian virus 40.";
RL   J. Immunol. 88:796-806(1962).
//
RX   PubMed=14449902;
RA   Hull, Robert N.
RA   Tritch, O. Jeannette
RT   "Characterization of cell strains by viral susceptibility.";
RL   Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 7:161-172(1962).
//
RX   PubMed=28046048; DOI=10.1371/journal.pone.0169391; PMCID=PMC5207746;
RA   Dotti, Silvia
RA   Lombardo, Tina
RA   Villa, Riccardo
RA   Cacciamali, Andrea
RA   Zanotti, Cinzia
RA   Andreani, Nadia Andrea
RA   Cinotti, Stefano
RA   Ferrari, Maura
RT   "Transformation and tumorigenicity testing of simian cell lines and
RT   evaluation of poliovirus replication.";
RL   PLoS ONE 12:e0169391.1-e0169391.13(2017).
//
RX   DOI=10.1002/jbmte.390020304;
RA   Cherry, William R.
RA   Hull, Robert N.
RT   "Studies and observations on the growth of mammalian cells in agitated
RT   fluid medium.";
RL   J. Biochem. Microbiol. Technol. Eng. 2:267-285(1960).
//
RX   PubMed=16494729; DOI=10.3201/eid1201.050496; PMCID=PMC3291385;
RA   Kaye, Matthew
RA   Druce, Julian
RA   Tran, Thomas
RA   Kostecki, Renata
RA   Chibo, Doris
RA   Morris, Jessica
RA   Catton, Mike
RA   Birch, Chris
RT   "SARS-associated coronavirus replication in cell lines.";
RL   Emerg. Infect. Dis. 12:128-133(2006).
//
RX   PubMed=33389257; DOI=10.1007/s10096-020-04106-0; PMCID=PMC7778494;
RA   Wurtz, Nathalie
RA   Penant, Gwilherm
RA   Jardot, Priscilla
RA   Duclos, Nathalie
RA   La Scola, Bernard
RT   "Culture of SARS-CoV-2 in a panel of laboratory cell lines,
RT   permissivity, and differences in growth profile.";
RL   Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 40:477-484(2021).
//
RX   PubMed=4203458;
RA   Petricciani, John C.
RA   Wallace, Roslyn Elizabeth
RA   McCoy, Donald W.
RT   "A comparison of three in vivo assays for cell tumorigenicity.";
RL   Cancer Res. 34:105-108(1974).
//