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Cellosaurus Vero (CVCL_0059)

[Text version]
Cell line name Vero
Synonyms VERO; VeroCCL81; Vero 81; Vero-81; Verda reno
Accession CVCL_0059
Resource Identification Initiative To cite this cell line use: Vero (RRID:CVCL_0059)
Comments Group: Non-human primate cell line.
Group: Vaccine production cell line.
Part of: Naval Biosciences Laboratory (NBL) collection (transferred to ATCC in 1982).
Biotechnology: Used for the production of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) vaccine (Trade name: IXIARO/JESPECT).
Biotechnology: Used for the production of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (Trade name: Imovax Polio).
Biotechnology: Used for the production of the Purified Vero-cell Rabies Vaccine (PVRV) (Trade name: VERORAB).
Biotechnology: Used for the production of the Chromatographically Purified Rabies Vaccine (CPRV).
Biotechnology: Used for the production of the live oral rotavirus vaccine (Trade Name: Rotarix).
Biotechnology: Used for the production of the live smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine (Trade name: ACAM2000).
Biotechnology: Used for the production of the tetravalent dengue vaccine (Trade Name: Dengvaxia).
Biotechnology: Used for the production of the Bharat Biotech SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccine (Trade name: Covaxin; also known as BBV152) (DrugBank=DB15847). The cell line is used to produces a inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus strain.
Biotechnology: Used for the production of the Sinovax SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) vaccine (Trade name: CoronaVac; also known as PiCoVacc) (DrugBank=DB15806). The cell line is used to produces the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus strain CN02 (PubMed=32376603).
Virology: Susceptible to infection by SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Produces a lytic infection (PubMed=15731278; PubMed=16494729).
Virology: Susceptible to infection by SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID-19). But Vero C1008 (often known as Vero E6) (Cellosaurus=CVCL_0574) seems to be more appropriate for amplification and quantification (PubMed=32511316; PubMed=33389257).
Doubling time: 16 hours (Note=In medium with serum), 26 hours (Note=In serum-free medium) (PubMed=19003288).
Omics: Genomics; Whole genome sequencing.
Anecdotal: Verda reno means green kidney in Esperanto and Vero means truth also in Esperanto.
Derived from site: In situ; Kidney, epithelium; UBERON=UBERON_0004819.
Cell type: Epithelial cell of kidney; CL=CL_0002518.
Species of origin Chlorocebus sabaeus (Green monkey) (Simia sabaea) (NCBI Taxonomy: 60711)
Hierarchy Children:
CVCL_HA73 (BER-40)CVCL_4518 (ECTC)CVCL_C4MU (F1G)
CVCL_E1NB (HyCyte Vero KO-veMED23)CVCL_E1NC (HyCyte Vero KO-veSLC3A2)CVCL_WJ16 (SVP)
CVCL_E1EV (Ubigene Vero ATG16L1 KO)CVCL_E1EZ (Ubigene Vero ATG5 KO)CVCL_E1EW (Ubigene Vero NECTIN1 KO)
CVCL_E1EX (Ubigene Vero STAT3 KO)CVCL_E1F5 (Ubigene Vero STING1 KO)CVCL_E1EY (Ubigene Vero TNFRSF14 KO)
CVCL_RW60 (VD60)CVCL_A5BG (Vero 2.2)CVCL_L035 (Vero 303)
CVCL_0603 (Vero 76)CVCL_B3LR (Vero PVR1 KO)CVCL_B3LT (Vero PVR2 KO)
CVCL_L036 (Vero F6)CVCL_EJ70 (Vero M)CVCL_RX68 (Vero Mx-Luc)
CVCL_RX03 (Vero Mx13)CVCL_D5HC (Vero MxA clone VA8)CVCL_D5HD (Vero MxA clone VA9)
CVCL_D5HE (Vero MxB clone VB33)CVCL_D5HF (Vero MxB clone VB72)CVCL_JF53 (Vero RCB 10-87)
CVCL_1912 (Vero-B4)CVCL_ZX02 (Vero-CD4/CCR5)CVCL_B7DX (Vero-CDM)
CVCL_B6C5 (Vero-EGFP-SBV-N)CVCL_C7NL (Vero-furin)CVCL_4334 (Vero-Hektor)
CVCL_C8WZ (Vero-Luc)CVCL_A7UI (Vero-Luc2p)CVCL_ZW93 (Vero-pA104R)
CVCL_A5IB (Vero-SCARB2)CVCL_1K11 (Vero-SF-ACF)CVCL_AS92 (Vero-SF-adapted)
CVCL_GA12 (Vero-SV2neo clone VN5)CVCL_A2ST (Vero-TB)CVCL_A8GK (Vero.DogSLAMtag)
CVCL_YZ45 (Vero.STAT1 KO)CVCL_E8FR (Vero/HER2)CVCL_E8FT (Vero/HER3)
CVCL_L037 (Vero/hSLAM)CVCL_WC99 (VERO/IgR)CVCL_GA11 (Vero/PPRV H)
CVCL_1K13 (Vero/SF)CVCL_YQ48 (Vero/TMPRSS2)CVCL_ZW77 (VeroS)
CVCL_WL55 (VK219)CVCL_3807 (W162)
Sex of cell Female
Age at sampling Adult
Category Spontaneously immortalized cell line
Web pages Info; -; -; https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/techniques/fluorescence/gallery/cells/vero/verocells.html
Info; -; -; https://www.niid.go.jp/niid/ja/chlamydia-pneumonia-m/818-biochem/5752-vero.html
Info; -; -; https://www.vax-before-travel.com/vaccines/covaxin-covid-19-vaccine
Info; ECACC; -; https://www.culturecollections.org.uk/products/cell-cultures/ecacc-cell-line-profiles/vero/
Info; Evident; -; https://evidentscientific.com/en/microscope-resource/image-gallery/confocal/epithelialindex
Info; Evident; -; https://evidentscientific.com/en/microscope-resource/knowledge-hub/techniques/fluorescence/gallery/cells/agmindex
Info; Thermo Fisher; -; https://www.thermofisher.com/ch/en/home/technical-resources/cell-lines/v/cell-lines-detail-60.html
Info; Wikipedia; -; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vero_cell
Provider; Vircell; -; https://www.vircell.com/en/products/vero-cell-line
Publications

CLPUB00126
Yosihiro Yasumura, Yoshio Kawakita;
Studies on SV40 in tissue culture: preliminary step for cancer research in vitro.
Nihon Rinsho 21:1201-1219(1963)

PubMed=6027511; DOI=10.3181/00379727-125-32029
Bunsiti Simizu, Johng Sik Rhim, Ned H. Wiebenga;
Characterization of the Tacaribe group of arboviruses. I. Propagation and plaque assay of Tacaribe virus in a line of African green monkey kidney cells (Vero).
Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 125:119-123(1967)

DOI=10.1007/BF02618370
Cyril S. Stulberg, Lewis Lemon Coriell, Alexis John Kniazeff, John E. Shannon;
The animal cell culture collection.
In Vitro 5:1-16(1970)

PubMed=6298990; DOI=10.1016/0378-1135(82)90056-6
Dale A. McPhee, Ian Malcolm Parsonson, Anthony James Della-Porta;
Comparative studies on the growth of Australian bluetongue virus serotypes in continuous cell lines and embryonated chicken eggs.
Vet. Microbiol. 7:401-410(1982)

PubMed=4043530
A.M. Whitaker, C.J. Hayward;
The characterization of three monkey kidney cell lines.
Dev. Biol. Stand. 60:125-131(1985)

CLPUB00328
Elisabeth M. Earley, Karl M. Johnson;
The lineage of Vero, Vero 76 and its clone C1008 in the United States.
(In book chapter) Vero cells: origin, properties and biomedical applications; Simizu, Bunsiti & Terasima, Toyozo (eds.); pp.26-29; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chiba University; Chiba; Japan (1988)

PubMed=2260226
A.A. Tsareva, Al'bina A. Isaenko, M.A. Urmanova, N.D. Yurchenko, E.G. Balzovskaia, Olga M. Rodionova;
A karyotype study of the Vero cell line cultured long term in a monolayer by static and roller methods.
Tsitologiia 32:741-748(1990)

PubMed=10403033; DOI=10.1006/biol.1998.0156
Jean Lang, Jean-Charles Cetre, Nicole Picot, M. Lanta, Philippe Briantais, Sabine Vital, Valentine Le Mener, Charles Lutsch, Yolande Rotivel;
Immunogenicity and safety in adults of a new chromatographically purified Vero-cell rabies vaccine (CPRV): a randomized, double-blind trial with purified Vero-cell rabies vaccine (PVRV).
Biologicals 26:299-308(1998)

PubMed=10494966
Bernard J. Montagnon, Jean-Claude Vincent-Falquet, Jean-Francois Saluzzo;
Experience with Vero cells at Pasteur Merieux Connaught.
Dev. Biol. Stand. 98:137-140(1999)

PubMed=19003288; DOI=10.1023/A:1017589526145; PMCID=PMC3449459
Sebastien Quesney, Jacqueline Marvel, Annie Marc, Catherine Gerdil, Bernard Meignier;
Characterization of Vero cell growth and death in bioreactor with serum-containing and serum-free media.
Cytotechnology 35:115-125(2001)

PubMed=12667817; DOI=10.1016/S0042-6822(02)00064-8
Julia Romanova, Dietmar Katinger, Boris Ferko, Regina Voglauer, Larisa Mochalova, Nicolai Bovin, Wilina Lim, Hermann Katinger, Andrej Egorov;
Distinct host range of influenza H3N2 virus isolates in Vero and MDCK cells is determined by cell specific glycosylation pattern.
Virology 307:90-97(2003)

PubMed=15731278; DOI=10.1128/JVI.79.6.3846-3850.2005; PMCID=PMC1075706
Eric C. Mossel, Cheng Huang, Krishna Narayanan, Shinji Makino, Robert B. Tesh, Clarence James Peters;
Exogenous ACE2 expression allows refractory cell lines to support severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication.
J. Virol. 79:3846-3850(2005)

PubMed=16494729; DOI=10.3201/eid1201.050496; PMCID=PMC3291385
Matthew Kaye, Julian Druce, Thomas Tran, Renata Kostecki, Doris Chibo, Jessica Morris, Mike Catton, Chris Birch;
SARS-associated coronavirus replication in cell lines.
Emerg. Infect. Dis. 12:128-133(2006)

DOI=10.12665/J63.Morgan
Jonathan H. Morgan;
Vero cells in vaccine production.
BioProcess. J. 6:12-17(2007)

PubMed=19016439; DOI=10.1002/9780471729259.mca04es11; PMCID=PMC2657228
Nicole Christine Ammerman, Magda Beier-Sexton, Abdu F. Azad;
Growth and maintenance of Vero cell lines.
Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 11:A.4E.1-A.4E.7(2008)

PubMed=19768803; DOI=10.1002/btpr.279
Samia Rourou, Arno van der Ark, Tiny A.M. van der Velden-de Groot, Hela Kallel;
Development of an animal-component free medium for Vero cells culture.
Biotechnol. Prog. 25:1752-1761(2009)

PubMed=19941903; DOI=10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.11.022
Axel Karger, Barbara Bettin, Matthias Lenk, Thomas Christoph Mettenleiter;
Rapid characterisation of cell cultures by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometric typing.
J. Virol. Methods 164:116-121(2010)

PubMed=22059503; DOI=10.1186/1472-6750-11-102; PMCID=PMC3221628
Jamie L. Almeida, Carolyn R. Hill, Kenneth D. Cole;
Authentication of African green monkey cell lines using human short tandem repeat markers.
BMC Biotechnol. 11:102.1-102.10(2011)

PubMed=24975811; DOI=10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.06.045; PMCID=PMC5915289
Ruben O. Donis, I-Mei Chen, C. Todd Davis, Angie Foust, M. Jaber Hossain, Adam Johnson, Alexander Klimov, Rosette F. Loughlin, Xi-Yan Xu, Theodore Tsai, Simone Blayer ...Show all 24 authors... , Heidi Trusheim, Tony Colegate, John Fox, Beverly Taylor, Althaf I. Hussain, Ian Barr, Chantal Baas, Jaap Louwerens, Ed Geuns, Min-Shi Lee, Lodewijk Venhuizen, Elisabeth Neumeier, Thedi Ziegler; Show fewer authors
Influenza Cell Culture Working Group
Performance characteristics of qualified cell lines for isolation and propagation of influenza viruses for vaccine manufacturing.
Vaccine 32:6583-6590(2014)

PubMed=25267831; DOI=10.1093/dnares/dsu029; PMCID=PMC4263300
Naoki Osada, Arihiro Kohara, Toshiyuki Yamaji, Noriko Hirayama, Fumio Kasai, Tsuyoshi Sekizuka, Makoto Kuroda, Kentaro Hanada;
The genome landscape of the African green monkey kidney-derived Vero cell line.
DNA Res. 21:673-683(2014)

PubMed=25903999; DOI=10.1002/biot.201400388
Yvonne Genzel;
Designing cell lines for viral vaccine production: where do we stand?
Biotechnol. J. 10:728-740(2015)

PubMed=28386771; DOI=10.1007/s10616-017-0082-7; PMCID=PMC5595746
Nadia Andrea Andreani, Sabrina Renzi, Giovanna Piovani, Paolo Ajmone-Marsan, Lorenzo Bomba, Riccardo Villa, Maura Ferrari, Silvia Dotti;
Potential neoplastic evolution of Vero cells: in vivo and in vitro characterization.
Cytotechnology 69:741-750(2017)

PubMed=32376603; DOI=10.1126/science.abc1932; PMCID=PMC7202686
Qiang Gao, Lin-Lin Bao, Hai-Yan Mao, Lin Wang, Kang-Wei Xu, Min-Nan Yang, Ya-Jing Li, Ling Zhu, Nan Wang, Zhe Lv, Hong Gao ...Show all 34 authors... , Xiao-Qin Ge, Biao Kan, Ya-Ling Hu, Jiang-Ning Liu, Fang Cai, De-Yu Jiang, Yan-Hui Yin, Cheng-Feng Qin, Jing Li, Xue-Jie Gong, Xiu-Yu Lou, Wen Shi, Dong-Dong Wu, Heng-Ming Zhang, Lang Zhu, Wei Deng, Yu-Rong Li, Jin-Xing Lu, Chang-Gui Li, Xiang-Xi Wang, Wei-Dong Yin, Yan-Jun Zhang, Chuan Qin; Show fewer authors
Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2.
Science 369:77-81(2020)

PubMed=32511316; DOI=10.1101/2020.03.02.972935; PMCID=PMC7239045
Jennifer L. Harcourt, Azaibi Tamin, Xiao-Yan Lu, Shifaq Kamili, Senthil Kumar-Sakthivel, Janna Murray, Krista Queen, Ying Tao, Clinton R. Paden, Jing Zhang, Yan Li ...Show all 34 authors... , Anna Uehara, Hai-Bin Wang, Cynthia Goldsmith, Hannah A. Bullock, Li-Juan Wang, Brett Whitaker, Brian Lynch, Rashi Gautam, Craig Schindewolf, Kumari G. Lokugamage, Dionna Scharton, Jessica A. Plante, Divya Mirchandani, Steven G. Widen, Krishna Narayanan, Shinji Makino, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Kenneth S. Plante, Scott C. Weaver, Stephen Lindstrom, Su-Xiang Tong, Vineet D. Menachery, Natalie J. Thornburg; Show fewer authors
Isolation and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 from the first US COVID-19 patient.
bioRxiv 2020:972935-972935(2020)

PubMed=33389257; DOI=10.1007/s10096-020-04106-0; PMCID=PMC7778494
Nathalie Wurtz, Gwilherm Penant, Priscilla Jardot, Nathalie Duclos, Bernard La Scola;
Culture of SARS-CoV-2 in a panel of laboratory cell lines, permissivity, and differences in growth profile.
Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 40:477-484(2021)

Cross-references
Cell line collections (Providers) AddexBio; P0014002/4920
ATCC; CCL-81
ATCC; CCL-81.4
ATCC; CRL-6318 - Discontinued
BCRC; 60013
BCRJ; 0245
CCLV; CCLV-RIE 0015
CCLV; CCLV-RIE 0078
CCTCC; GDC0029
CLS; 605372
ECACC; 08011101
ECACC; 84113001
IBRC; C10001
ICLC; ATL95005
IZSLER; BS CL 86
JCRB; IFO50471
JCRB; JCRB0111
JCRB; JCRB9013
KCB; KCB 92017YJ
KCLB; 10081
NCBI_Iran; C101
RCB; RCB0001
TKG; TKG 0280
Ubigene; YC-A001
Cell line databases/resources CLO; CLO_0009524
CLO; CLO_0050515
MCCL; MCC:0000480
CLDB; cl4643
CLDB; cl4644
CLDB; cl4645
CLDB; cl4648
CLDB; cl4649
CLDB; cl4650
CLDB; cl4651
CLDB; cl5170
CCRID; 1101MON-PUMC000060
CCRID; 1102MON-NIFDC00001
CCRID; 3101MONGNO10
CCRID; 3101MONSCSP520
CCRID; 4201MON-CCTCC00029
CCRID; 5301MON-KCB92017YJ
FCS-free; 165-11-307-1-16-6
FCS-free; 29-11-249-1-3-3
FCS-free; 29-11-31-2-4-4
FCS-free; 29-11-338-1-16-3
FCS-free; 29-11-420-1-16-12
FCS-free; 29-11-433-1-16-12
FCS-free; 29-11-47-1-8-9
FCS-free; 29-11-566-1-17-2
FCS-free; 29-11-587-1-18-2
Lonza; 173
TOKU-E; 3415
Anatomy/cell type resources BTO; BTO_0001444
Chemistry resources ChEMBL-Cells; CHEMBL3307520
ChEMBL-Targets; CHEMBL391
PubChem_Cell_line; CVCL_0059
Encyclopedic resources Wikidata; Q3066564
Experimental variables resources EFO; EFO_0022734
Medical resources MeSH; D014709
Metabolomic databases MetaboLights; MTBLS2840
Entry history
Entry creation04-Apr-2012
Last entry update14-Aug-2025
Version number49